Ecclesiastical Knights: The Military Orders in Castile, 1150-1330 (Fordham Series in Medieval Studies (FUP)), by Sam Conedera SJ
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Ecclesiastical Knights: The Military Orders in Castile, 1150-1330 (Fordham Series in Medieval Studies (FUP)), by Sam Conedera SJ
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"Warrior monks"-the misnomer for the Iberian military orders that emerged on the frontiers of Europe in the twelfth century-have long fascinated general readers and professional historians alike. Proposing "ecclesiastical knights" as a more accurate name and conceptual model-warriors animated by ideals and spiritual currents endorsed by the church hierarchy-author Sam Zeno Conedera presents a groundbreaking study of how these orders brought the seemingly incongruous combination of monastic devotion and the practice of warfare into a single way of life.Providing a detailed study of the military-religious vocation as it was lived out in the Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara in Leon-Castile during the first century, Ecclesiastical Knights provides a valuable window into medieval Iberia. Filling a gap in the historiography of the medieval military orders, Conedera defines, categorizes, and explains these orders, from their foundations until their spiritual decline in the early fourteenth century, arguing that that the best way to understand their spirituality is as a particular kind of consecrated knighthood.Because these Iberian military orders were belligerents in the Reconquest, Ecclesiastical Knights informs important discussions about the relations between Western Christianity and Islam in the Middle Ages. Conedera examines how the military orders fit into the religious landscape of medieval Europe through the prism of knighthood, and how their unique conceptual character informed the orders and spiritual self-perception.The religious observances of all three orders were remarkably alike, except that the Cistercian-affiliated orders were more demanding and their members could not marry. Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara shared the same essential mission and purpose: the defense and expansion of Christendom understood as an act of charity, expressed primarily through fighting and secondarily through the care of the sick and the ransoming of captives. Their prayers were simple and their penances were aimed at knightly vices and the preservation of military discipline. Above all, the orders valued obedience. They never drank from the deep wellsprings of monasticism, nor were they ever meant to.Offering an entirely fresh perspective on two difficult and closely related problems concerning the military orders-namely, definition and spirituality-author Sam Zeno Conedera illuminates the religious life of the orders, previously eclipsed by their military activities.
Ecclesiastical Knights: The Military Orders in Castile, 1150-1330 (Fordham Series in Medieval Studies (FUP)), by Sam Conedera SJ- Amazon Sales Rank: #1887759 in Books
- Published on: 2015-05-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.20" h x 1.10" w x 9.10" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 280 pages
Review "This is an important study both for the history of the military orders and the history of Medieval Spain. Elegantly, thoughtfully, persuasively, Conedera guides us towards the answer to a perplexing riddle: just why did so many knights consecrate their lives to God?"--Damian J. Smith, St. Louis University
"In the Iberian Peninsula as elsewhere, the fascination exerted by the medieval military orders never ceased. Yet their brethern are still poorly known and are often described as 'warrior monks' or 'monks of war'. Sam Zeno Conedera challenges this alleged identity. His book remedies important deficiencies of the historiography and allows to better understand the identity of the Castilian brothers of the military orders and the nature of their spirituality, blending prayer and combat in both their way of life and religious approach."--Philippe Josserand, University of Nantes"Conedera's book lets us sneak into the headquarters of Iberian 'ecclesiastical knights' and through the fascinating account of their virtues, shortcomings, devotions, and temptations convincingly illuminates the spirituality of their seemingly paradoxical nature."-Martina Saltamacchia, University of Nebraska OmahaAbout the Author Sam Zeno Conedera is Adjunct Assistant Professor of History at Santa Clara University.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. I never knew how important these military orders were in medieval Europe. By B. Wolinsky Sam Zeno Conedera tries to answer long-pondered questions about the religious based military orders. Firstly, how effective were they in military and government affairs? Secondly, how sincere were they in their religious belief? While there were many such orders, most famously the Templars and the Knights of Rhodes, the author focuses on the Iberian orders only. These “fighting monks,” as they are often known, existed in Spain before the country unified, so we might start by saying that they were the origin of Spain as we know it. As discussed in the book, they provided heavily for Spain’s defense, as well as economy.In the chapter Interior Castle, we learn that the Iberian order weren’t all combatants; they had levels of knights, sergeants, clerics, and sister. The knights were nobles who took vows, while the sergeants were the more numerous commoners. There were clerics who acted as chaplains, and women members who served in the medical field. Thought history books ignore them, the nuns had greater medical knowledge than the doctors of the era, as attested by their surviving journals. After all, it was the nuns who ran the hospitals and cared for the sick, though the men get the credit (not with killing their patients.) The knight-sergeant arrangement was probably the same as that of the modern officer and enlisted man; the sergeant would lead common fighters, while the knight was involved in the planning, equipping, and overall decision making.As far as religion goes, it was a kind of synergy, where the combatants and the clergy needed each other in several ways. The nation needed an army for defense, and the monasteries needed the knights to defend their vast property. Since the various Iberian states could easily get into conflict, the Catholic church was something of a unifying factor. If it could keep the Iberian knights from fighting each other, then they’d be less distracted when it came to fighting the Muslims. If they had charters from the Pope in Rome, then it would protect them from being attacked by the French and/or English.I do remember a similar argument in the book Women of Faith, about Catholic sisters in Chicago, where the author promotes the nuns’ contribution. According to that book, the convents, with their schools and hospitals, provided a service to a land that was not well served by the government. They also provided a place for women who wanted education and work, but didn’t want to get married and by owned by a man. Similarly, a free-born peasant boy, uninterested in farming, and lacking any skill, could join one of the Iberian orders, learn to fight, and would no longer be subservient in the way a tenant farmer was.The Iberian orders were one of the few options for upward mobility in the days when Spain wasn’t unified. They would eventually go into a decline as the nation consolidated.
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